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Scarce global finance for urban sanitation makes its efficient use an imperative. Effective resource management and planning is critical to enable finance to be mobilised, well targeted, and accounted for. The enabling environment to support resource management and planning includes a combination of clear policies and mandates, transparent decision-making, and strong accountability systems. To provide some initial insights into these issues, a desk review was undertaken of over forty urban sanitation investments in twenty-eight countries across Africa, Asia and Latin America.

This is one paper in a series of three that present the role of each CWIS function, how they tend to be implemented or overlooked, and how they interact with the other functions. These are initial framing publications, to be followed by longer publications centred around in-depth case studies.